Stable tin perovskite solar cells developed via additive engineering

Tin perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) are promising for lead-free (PSCs) and have led to extensive research; however, the poor crystallinity chemical stability of tin perovskites two issues that prevent stable TPSCs. In this study, we outline a new process addresses these by using tin(II) acetate (Sn(Ac)2) in place conventional SnF2 precursor additive. Compared with SnF2, Sn(Ac)2 improves fewer defects better charge extraction. Using process, developed device has higher external quantum efficiency extraction compared control devices power conversion 9.93%, which maintained more than 90% its initial after 1000 h operation at maximum point under standard AM 1.5G illumination.